What type of shock is caused by an allergic reaction?

• A. Hemorrhagic shock
• B. Cardiogenic shock
• C. Anaphylactic shock
• D. Neurogenic shock

Answer: (C)

Anaphylactic shock is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to allergens such as certain foods, insect stings, medications, or latex. When someone experiences an anaphylactic reaction, the immune system overreacts, leading to the release of chemicals like histamine, which cause widespread vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), resulting in a drop in blood pressure and reduced blood flow to vital organs.

This condition is characterized by symptoms such as swelling, difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. Immediate recognition and treatment, typically with epinephrine, are critical for reversing the symptoms and preventing further complications.

In contrast, hemorrhagic shock is due to significant blood loss, cardiogenic shock results from the heart's inability to pump effectively, and neurogenic shock involves a loss of vascular tone due to nervous system damage or dysfunction. Each of these types of shock has different causes and treatment approaches, while anaphylactic shock specifically stems from an allergic reaction, making it the correct choice in this context.